2011高考新课标语文
三、诗词名句1.《曹刿论战》 《左传》2.《生于忧患,死于安乐》 《孟子》3.《论语》("学而时习之""温故而知新""学而不思则罔") 4.《桃花源记》("晋太元中--黄发垂髫,并怡然自乐。") 陶渊明5.《陋室铭》 刘禹锡6.《小石潭记》("从小丘西行百二十步--乃记之而去。") 柳宗元7.《岳阳楼记》 范仲淹10.《饮酒》(结庐在人境) 陶渊明12.《使至塞上》 王 维14.《行路难》(金樽清酒斗十千) 李 白15.《望岳》 杜 甫18.《钱塘湖春行》 白居易19.《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》 刘禹锡22.《登飞来峰》 王安石23.《渔家傲》(塞下秋来风景异) 范仲淹 24.《水调歌头》(明月几时有) 苏 轼27.《破阵子 为陈同甫赋壮词以寄之》 辛弃疾28.《过零丁洋》 文天祥29.《天净沙 秋思》 马致远【附5:诗词名句原文及易错字集训】1、《曹刿论战》(《左传》)十年春,齐帅伐我。公将战,曹刿请见。其乡人曰:“肉食者谋之,又何间焉?”刿曰:“肉食者鄙,未能远谋。”乃入见。问:“何以战?”公曰:“衣食所安,弗敢专也,必以分人。” 对曰:“小惠未徧,民弗从也。”公曰:“牺牲玉帛,弗敢加也, 必以信。”对曰:“小信未孚,神弗福也。”公曰:“小大之狱, 虽不能察,必以情。”对曰:“忠之属也,可以一战。战则请从。” 公与之乘,战于长勺。公将鼓之,刿曰:“未可。”齐人三鼓。刿曰:“可矣。”齐师败绩。公将驰之。刿曰:“未可。”下视其辙,登轼而望之,曰:“可矣。”遂逐齐师。 既克,公问其故。对曰:“夫战,勇气也。一鼓作气,再而衰,三而竭。彼竭我盈,故克之。夫大国,难测也,惧有伏焉。 吾视其辙乱,望其旗靡,故逐之。”重点集训:小惠未徧(不能写成遍) 小信未孚,神弗福也(注意句中三个fú字,意记)2、《生于忧患,死于安乐》(《孟子》)孟子曰:“舜发于畎亩之中,傅说举于版筑之间,胶鬲举 于鱼盐之中,管夷吾举于土,孙叔敖举于海,百里奚举于市。 故天将降大任于是人也,必先苦其心志,劳其筋骨,饿其体肤,空乏其身, 行拂乱其所为,所以动心忍性,曾益其所不能。人恒过, 然后能改; 困于心,衡于虑,而后作;征于色,发于声,而后喻。入则无法家拂士,出则无敌国外患者,国恒亡。然后知生于忧患而死于安乐也。”重点集训:傅说(不是悦) 管夷吾举于士,百里奚举于市(两个shì的区别) 劳其筋骨(筋下面不是助)曾益其所不能(不是增) 人恒过 衡于虑(两个héng的区别)3、《论语》学而时习之,不亦说乎?有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎?人不知而不愠,不亦君子乎?温故而知新,可以为师矣。学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。重点集训:《论语》不亦说乎(不是悦) 学而不思则罔(不是惘)4、《饮酒》陶渊明结庐在人境,而无车马喧。问君何能尔?心远地自偏。采菊东篱下,悠然见南山。山气日夕佳,飞鸟相与还。此中有真意,欲辨已忘言。重点集训:问君何能尔(不是耳) 欲辨已忘言(不是辩)5、《行路难》李白 金樽清酒斗十千,玉盘珍羞直万钱。停杯投箸不能食,拔剑四顾心茫然。 欲渡黄河冰塞川,将登太行雪满山。闲来垂钓碧溪上,忽复乘舟梦日边。 行路难,行路难,多歧路,今安在。长风破浪会有时,直挂云帆济沧海。重点集训:玉盘珍羞(同馐,但不能写成馐)直(同值,但不能写成值)万钱 直挂云帆济沧海(不是苍)6、《望岳》杜甫 岱宗夫如何?齐鲁青未了。造化钟神秀,阴阳割昏晓。 荡胸生曾云,决眦入归鸟。会当凌绝顶,一览众山小。重点集训:荡胸生曾(不是层)云 决眦入归鸟(眼眶裂开的意思,不是绝) 7、《钱塘湖春行》 白居易 孤山寺北贾亭西,水面初平云脚低。几处早莺争暖树,谁家新燕啄春泥。 乱花渐欲迷人眼,浅草才能没马蹄。最爱湖东行不足,绿杨阴里白沙堤。重点集训:水面初平云脚低(不是角) 谁家新燕(注意不是草字头)啄春泥 (啄字有点) 绿杨阴(不是荫)里白沙堤(不是提)8、《使至塞上》王维 单车欲问边,属国过居延。征蓬出汉塞,归雁入胡天。 大漠孤烟直,长河落日圆。萧关逢候骑,都护在燕然。重点集训:征蓬出汉塞(蓬草,不是篷) 萧关逢候骑(不是侯) 归雁如胡天(不是燕)9、《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》刘禹锡 巴山楚水凄凉地,二十三年弃置身。怀旧空吟闻笛赋,到乡翻似烂柯人。 沉舟侧畔千帆过,病树前头万木春。今日听君歌一曲,暂凭杯酒长精神。重点集训:怀旧空吟闻笛赋(吟字右边不是令)10、《水调歌头 明月几时有》苏轼 丙辰中秋,欢饮达旦,大醉作此篇,兼怀子由。 明月几时有?把酒问青天。不知天上宫阙,今夕是何年。我欲乘风归去,又恐琼楼玉宇,高处不胜寒。起舞弄清影,何似在人间。 转朱阁,低绮户,照无眠。不应有恨,何事长向别时圆?人有悲欢离合,月有阴晴圆缺,此事古难全。但愿人长久,千里共婵娟。重点集训:不知天上宫阙(不是阕,阕指词的一段),今夕是何年(今晚的意思,不是今非昔比的昔) 何事长向别时圆(不是何时,不是常) 千里共婵娟(不是鸣蝉的蝉)11、《登飞来峰》王安石 飞来山上千寻塔,闻说鸡鸣见日升。不畏浮云遮望眼,自缘身在最高层。重点集训:飞来山上千寻塔(不是峰,注意和标题不同) 闻说鸡鸣见日升(不是生)12、《渔家傲》范仲淹 塞下秋来风景异,衡阳雁去无留意。四面边声连角起,千嶂里,长烟落日孤城闭。 浊酒一杯家万里,燕然未勒归无计,羌管悠悠霜满地。人不寐,将军白发征夫泪。重点集训:衡阳雁去无留意(不是燕)千嶂里(不是障)人不寐(不是寝字的左下角) 13、《破阵子•为陈同甫赋壮语以寄之》辛弃疾 醉里挑灯看剑,梦回吹角连营。八百里分麾下灸,五十弦翻塞外声。沙场秋点兵。 马作的卢飞快,弓如霹雳弦惊。了却君王天下事,赢得生前身后名。可怜白发生!重点集训:八百里分麾下炙(不是灸)弓如霹雳弦惊(雳的下面不是厉,切记) 了却君王天下事(不是确、军) 赢得生前身后名(不是嬴、羸)14、《天净沙•秋思》 马致远 枯藤老树昏鸦,小桥流水人家,古道西风瘦马。夕阳西下,断肠人在天涯。重点集训:枯藤老树昏鸦(不是滕,注意右下角不是马)15、《过零丁洋》文天祥 辛苦遭逢起一经,干戈寥落四周星。山河破碎风飘絮,身世浮沉雨打萍。 惶恐滩头说惶恐,零丁洋里叹零丁。人生自古谁无死,留取丹心照汗青。重点集训: 留取丹心照汗青(不是汉)以下四篇可结合课下注解重点识记易错字词,原文参见附7,易错字集训如下:《桃花源记》(陶渊明 晋)黄发垂髫(不是鬓、髻)《陋室铭》(刘禹锡 唐)惟吾德馨(不是唯) 苔痕上阶绿(里面不是良) 可以调素琴(今下面没有点) 无案牍之劳形(不是椟) 南阳诸葛庐(里面不是卢)孔子云(不是曰)《小石潭记》(柳宗元 唐)篁竹(不是簧)水尤清冽(清凉的意思,不是洌) 俶尔远逝(不是而) 往来翕忽(不是乎) 日光下澈(不是彻)《岳阳楼记》(范仲淹 宋)山岳潜形(隐没了形体,不是行走的行)
2014年新课标全国卷Ⅰ语文高考试题
2014年新课标全国卷I 语文 1.【解析】选D项,本题考查分析概括作者的观点态度的能力。 论述类文体阅读的命题主要从概念、判断、推理三个角度命题,概念注意“答非所问”“内涵、外延不准”“误划类别”“张冠李戴”;判断类注意“范围不当”“偷换概念”“曲解文意”;推理注意“强加因果”“强行推理”等错误。 答题的关键是审清题干、找准区位、对读原文、寻找细微的差别。 依据文中论述的悲剧在第三段限定为“悲剧的审美价值的载体只能是文学艺术”,而D项为历史事实,而非文学艺术。 2.【解析】选C项,本题考查筛选并整合文中的信息的能力。 C项为偷换概念,文章倒数第2段倒数第2行说,审美主体可以“审美地”加入悲剧冲突,获得悲剧感。 3.【解析】选B。 本题考查分析概括作者的观点态度的能力。 B项,依据文章倒数第2段,悲剧作为艺术,它建立了悲剧事件与人的心理距离,展现的是一个人们不熟悉或有些陌生的空间,审美主体才可以“审美地”加入悲剧冲突,才能体会“以悲为美”的意思。 4.【解析】选C。 本题重点考查对常见的文言实词的识记理解能力。 “励精”是“振奋精神,致力于某种事业或工作”之意。 5.【解析】选B。 本题重点考查对文中语句的解读推断能力。 断句遵循两个原则1不破坏词语相对完整性2符合我们平常朗读习惯。 断句语句表现的是面对李揆的嫉妒休烈坦然应对,前主语多为李揆,后主语多为休烈,先交代李揆嫉妒的缘由,采用的打压手段,后叙写休烈的坦然。 补充省略的主语,抓住词语名词、代词“宰相李揆”“之”“国子祭酒”“之”“休烈”以及虚词“以”,理清事件的逻辑性就可以了。 6.【解析】选A。 本题重点考查对文章内容的全面理解,精准概括、提炼的能力。 “安禄山叛乱后,他直言不讳地回答了……”评析不当,错误。 并非直言不讳,而是委婉含蓄。 7.【解析】 (1)这个句子关键抓住实词“罪”,从句子结构看应为动词,可翻译为“归罪”。 重点实词为“规”,依语境理解为“改正”。 大禹、商汤归罪自己,他们能够蓬勃兴起,有道德的君主,不忘改正过错,我深表庆贺。 (2)这个句子关键抓住“下”“亲”“推毂”等实词和“曾无”固定句式。 可以翻译成“屈身对待”“亲近”“推荐”,“曾无”可以翻译成“连……都没有”。 而亲近贤才,屈身交接士人,荐举后辈。 虽然位尊年高,一点倦怠的神色都没有。 【评分标准】(1)“罪己”“规过”翻译正确各1分。 (2)“亲贤”“推毂”“曾无”翻译正确各1分。 附【译文】 于休烈是河南人,有美好的品性,坚贞、诚实,机敏有悟性。 很小的时候就喜欢学习,擅长写作文章。 被举荐为进士后,授官秘书省正字,后又转任比部员外郎、郎中。 杨国忠辅佐朝政,排挤不依附自己的人。 于休烈出京做了中部郡太守。 时值安禄山发动叛乱,肃宗即位,于休烈升迁做了太常少卿,掌管礼仪方面的事,兼修订国史。 肃宗从凤翔回到京城,振奋精神致力于听从接受大臣建议。 曾经对休烈说:“国君的举动一定书写,是好的历史。 我有过失,你书写吗?”于休烈回答说:“大禹、商汤归罪自己,他们能够蓬勃兴起,有道德的君主,不忘改正过错,我深表庆贺。 ”当时中原发生了动荡叛乱,经典书籍基本找不到了,没有历史书籍可以检索、搜寻。 休烈上奏说:“《国史》《实录》,是圣朝大的经典,修订撰写了很长时间,现在没有底本。 我期望下御史台推断勘订从史馆得来的资料,让府县官吏收集寻访。 有人从别处收到《国史》《实录》,如果送到官府掌管机构,要付大价钱收购赏赐。 ”以前的修史官工部侍郎韦述战胜贼人,进入东京,至此把他家里收藏的《国史》一百一十三卷送到官府。 不久,于休烈转任工部侍郎,修订国史,奉献《五代帝王论》,皇帝嘉奖了他。 宰相李揆自夸才能嫉妒贤臣,因为休烈修订国史和自己地位并列,很嫉妒他。 上奏让休烈做了国子祭酒,权且留在史馆修订编撰史料来使他在自己下列,休烈很恬然淡定,一点也不放在心上。 代宗即位后,辨别名望官品,宰臣元戴很赞成他,于是征拜他做了右散骑常侍,依照以前兼修订国史,多次升迁被封为东海郡公,加任金紫光禄大夫。 在朝总共三十余年,多次掌管要职,家里没有多少积蓄。 为人恭敬节俭温和仁爱,不曾在脸上显现欢喜生气的神情。 而亲近贤才,屈身交接士人,荐举后辈。 虽然位尊年高,一点倦怠的神色都没有。 (休烈)十分喜好经典书籍,经常手不释卷,直到临终。 大历七年去世,年龄八十一岁。 这年春天休烈的妻子韦氏去世,皇上特地下诏赠名号韦氏国夫人,埋葬那天提供了很盛大的礼仪。 等到得知休烈去世的消息,追思悼念了很长时间,褒扬赐官尚书左仆射,赏赐百匹赙绢、五十端布,派拜见使者内常侍吴承倩去个人府第宣告慰问。 作为一介儒生的荣耀,很少有和他并列的。 8.【解析】这首词的上半阙主要是景物描写,景物描写的作用更主要的是渲染气氛,奠定感情基调等。 春天风雨交加,枝残花落,为凄凉惨败之景,再加上残日西斜、寒水自碧,让人对诗歌抒发的情感有了初步感受。 答案:奠定了词的情感基调。 春风吹雨,残红满地,词一开始就给人以掩抑低回之感;接下来写风雨虽停,红日却已西沉,凄凉的氛围非但没有解除,反而又被抹上了一层暗淡的暮色。 【评分标准】既明确作用还要结合内容分析。 要点答出奠定感情基调,2分。 要点②结合内容分析,描绘画面概括氛围,3分。 9.【解析】这是一道探究诗歌情感的题目,要注意标题,注释,和诗歌表情达意的重点词语。 答题时注意是词的末尾两句。 写出了词人因愁而无心下棋,但又想通过下棋摆脱愁苦,因而思绪烦乱,犹豫不决。 抓住动作,结合前句进行合理联系,就能得出答案。 答案:末尾两句表现了词中人物思绪纷乱、无法排遣的愁情。 是通过人物自身的动作来表现的。 回身整理残棋并想续下,借以转移愁情,可又因心事重重,以致犹豫不决,落子迟缓。 【评分标准】准确答出词人愁情,2分;能借助诗句,抓住动作“整顿”、“沉吟”进行分析阐述的,4分。 10.【解析】(1)长太息以掩涕兮,哀民生之多艰。 其中易错字为“长”,易写为“常”;还有“太”值得注意。 (2)黄鹤之飞尚不得过,猿猱欲度愁攀援。 其中难写字为“猱”;易错字为“度”,易写为“渡”;“援”字也为难写字。 (3)感时花溅泪,恨别鸟惊心。 “溅”是易错字。 只有建立在对默写名句理解的基础上才能联想得到答案。 【评分标准】多字、漏字、错字不得分。 11.(1)【解析】选A得3分,选D得2分,选B得1分,选CE不得分。 本题考查对文学作品的分析理解能力。 本题涵盖面广,涉及内容、手法、语言等方面。 需要我们全面分析选项,落实相关文段、放眼全文脉络、慎重确定答案。 B项,原因分析不完全正确,我吃惊的是为何渡夫说出这般吓人的话,当然也有防范意识和担心。 C项,结合文章相关语段分析,留下住宿的缘由是上岸返回,路途遥远,一样危险。 E项,对渡夫脸上没有异样表情,我目不转睛的瞧着他的心理情感分析不正确。 应该是惊诧于老人的淡定以及胸怀的宽广。 (2) 【解析】本题考查对人物形象的概括分析能力。 概括人物形象通过人物的言行举止、心理活动等正面描写来分析总结,还要结合环境描写、陪衬人物等侧面手法来剖析。 答题时注意用文中的事实对性格进行解释分析,注意各点之间不要重复。 结合语言,自述的自身经历以及神情举止可整理概括出人物性格。 由文中渡夫对“我”的种种担心安排,以及和我的坦诚对话、“我欢喜你这样的孝顺孩子。 ”可分析出人物热心等性格;由文中“结冰,落雪,我得过湖;刮风,落雨,我得过湖……”“我不管地,也不管天,我凭良心吃饭,我靠气力赚钱!”等句子可看出对生活的态度,刚强不屈,坚强对待,坚持自由的性格。 答案 【评分标准】每个要点各2分。 要点①要答出对人的态度,热心。 要点②要答坚强独立的性格;要点③要答出对生活有信念、对命运不屈服的意思。 (3)【解析】本题考查故事情节的叙述表现手法,是一道鉴赏题。 要重点考虑情节的叙述角度和叙述方式, 注意不同叙述角度的作用,结合叙述方式的好处,分析文本。 叙述角度上,文章以第一人称写作,显现了事件的真实性;叙述方式上,作者并未直奔主体,而是用谈价钱引出,颇为引人;主体通过两人的交谈展开流动,落脚点可集中在渡夫身上;内容安排上溶入情景描写,让人展开联想体会 【评分标准】第一点是叙述角度为第一人称,结合文本分析好处,2分;第二点叙述方式上开篇引入方式及好处,2分;叙事过程的方式及作用,2分;景物描写的作用分析;2分。 (4)【解析】本题考查对作品个性化阅读和有创意阅读能力。 赏析解读赏析的作用,从结构和内容两方面分析。 结构上,文章故事情节由渡夫感情的急剧变化结尾,在歌声中结束,出人意料形成突转;内容刻画人物形象上,前文写了渡夫经受的打击、苦难,而仅隔一晚,态度发生巨大变化,看出人物胸怀的宽广,洒脱豪放,同时也可理解为排遣自己的痛苦;抒发的思想情感上,默默的承受变化突变为纵情高歌,体现了苦难的深重;主题的关系上,歌声也唱出了渡夫的心声,体现了渡夫对生活的态度。 答案: 【评分标准】答案能答出结构情节安排的特点和作用,人物形象的刻画塑造,思想情感的抒发,和主题表现的关系四方面作答,每方面2分,两点5分,三点以上8分 12.(1)【解析】答B得3分,答E得2分,答A得1分,选CD不得分。 本题考查对文章内容的理解与分析的能力。 A项文章第二段中虽提及玻尔对爱因斯坦的评价,但未明确表明爱因斯坦对他有直接的支持;C项关注倒数第三段信息,文中只是说玻尔去德国调查德国科学家安全情况,并非有敏锐的察觉,也未提及是大批犹太科学家,他参加的是救援组织,并非抗敌组织。 D项倒数第二段是着力点,文中只是出于对研究原子弹成果的担心,是出于良知,并非有政治家远见,只是建议英美首脑及早与苏联达成控制原子武器的协议,而并不是禁止使用核武器。 是歪曲文意。 (2)【解析】考察筛选整合文中信息的能力。 这是一道局部文意概括的题目,先锁定答题区间,再提取关键词,然后分条作答。 答题区间为第一、二段,尤其是第二段开头两句话。 爱因斯坦和玻尔这两位科学巨人点明身份地位;现代物理学的两大基础理论一相对论和量予力学点明争论内容;争论旷日持久,几乎所有理论物理学家都被吸引并参与进来,点明影响的广泛。 整理即可。 【答案】(1)从成员看,论战双方都是物理学界的代表人物;(2)从内容看,辩论涉及物理学两大基础理论——相对论和量子力学;(3)从影响看,辩论带动了物理学界的学术争鸣。 (3)【解析】考察筛选整合文中信息的能力。 这是一道局部文意概括的题目,先锁定答题区间,再提取关键词,然后分条作答。 答题区间为倒数第三段,段落结构为分总式,结论句就是“可以说,玻尔领导的哥本哈根学派具备了一个科学学派应有的优秀特质。 ”推前整理分三条三个层次概括,第一层从“该所是玻尔在1917年申请,并于l921年正式成立的。 他以著名科学家的身份为研究所作担保”抽取信息;第二层从“他以特有的人格魅力,吸引了世界各地的青年才俊”抽取信息;第三层从“形成了富有 *** 和活力、不断进取的学术精神”可概括出精神独特。 (4)【解析】本题考查文本的探究能力并能提出个人见解。 答题时有两个方向分别为向内挖掘和向外扩展,向内挖掘解释用文章中的内容答题,向外扩展要结合现实,课标卷如没有明确的要求不做向外扩展式答题。 向内挖掘又有两种:第一就某一点作深入的探究,另一种方式多个角度列举,适用于文中叙述的较宽泛,但每点都不深入。 本题适用第一种方式,答题时明确自己的观点,然后结合文中的事例作深入的分析。 立足人格魅力分析整合文本材料,从第二段“尽管两人的科学理论和思想观点始终没能调和,但他们却结下了长达数十年的友谊。 ”可看出无个人恩怨;从第三段“玻尔周围聚集着许多杰出的理论物理学家。 他不但有革新的勇气,更是一位伟大的伯乐。 他为量子物理学培养和组织了一支创新发展的队伍,”可分析出善于培养发现人才;从第五段可抽取信息整合出人道主义精神,从立足本国建立哥本哈根学派为祖国培养人才,看出其爱国情怀。 【答案】 13.【解析】选C。 本题考查理解现代汉语成语运用的能力。 “当仁不让”侧重积极主动去做,不推托;“责无旁贷”侧重责任担当;“义不容辞”侧重道义必须性。 ①句中“天职”强调应当应分,指的是道义;②句中“承担义务”则更多是一种责任;③句中突出面对重任,强调积极主动。 此题分析语境是重点,故选C项 14.【解析】选B。 考查辨析并修改病句的能力。 A项搭配不当,“他充满着辩证法”主谓搭配不当,应该为“他在本体论问题的论述中运用了辩证法”; C项乱用介词,“就……方面”后面连接动作性很强的动词,应该将“就……方面”改为“在……方面”;D项语序不当,前后分句主语不一致,应该把“不仅”放在“过程中”的后面。 15.【解析】本题考查对语言连贯、语言内部联系的掌握程度。 答题的时候要根据上下文的内容和句子内部的逻辑联系。 根据③叙述内容推断主语应为“珠算口诀”,而④句依照逻辑应该是“珠算算盘”,可以连接为⑥③和②④,⑥中关联词“则”可确定上句对应句有②,①和⑤都是珠算的优势 ,与前面对珠算的介绍构成前因后果关系,而⑤为最终结论,因此排列为②④⑥③①⑤ 答案:D 16.【解析】本题考查语言表达简明、连贯、得体、准确、鲜明、生动。 这是一道语言运用的综合考核的内容,注意上下文的衔接和前后的照应。 ①根据上文的坏处列举,应该为概括性较强的一句话。 ②处根据转折连词“然而”应为“坏处”的反面“好处”,下文具体内容也印证了这点。 ③根据前文内容植物还活着,而如果土壤被污染,后果则为植物死掉,也回应了后面“失去”二字。 【答案】①给人类带来巨大的灾难②二氧化碳增加会带来好处:③植物就会生病甚至死亡 17.【解析】本题考查语言表达简明、连贯、得体、准确、鲜明、生动。 这是一道图文转换题。 图是构思框架,表述时依照一定的顺序,先总后分注意事件的开展顺序,先准备后实施,不要丢落信息,再调整保持连贯。 【评分标准】内容完整,1分;总分归类准确,1分;表述准确,2分;语言连贯,2分 18.【写作提示】审题立意的关键是从整体上把握材料寓意,尤其是材料中提到的规则和新情况。 材料中如果按照规则,习惯上结果为一人下桥,一人通过。 而比赛中有一对同学在桥中间抱住转身,双双通过。 众人认为这样做有争议。 实力较量,体现公平。 打破习惯,合作共赢。 若从预赛中两个学生的做法切入,可围绕"变通““合作双赢“等立意。 若从众人的角度切入,可围绕"规则““循规蹈矩”等立意。 当然还可以把二者接合起来,围绕”变通与规则”立意。 可用“闯红灯,等红灯”“包拯守规不徇私” “绝不在高速路上下车的日本人”“新西兰总理赔不是” “王羲之的字”“杜甫的七律,首创拗体””我国齐白石的画,西班牙毕加索的画,无不是有了深厚的规矩基础才有不断变化、不断创新的”等材料作为论据。 参考题目:《严守规则,彰显公平》《习惯可破,结果共赢》《循规蹈矩不等于墨守成规》《不以规矩不成方圆》 《规则与变通》《死规则,活智慧》。 (不当之处,请原谅)
2013年高考英语试题及答案(全国卷)
2013年高考英语试题及答案(全国卷)
启用前
2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标Ⅱ卷) 英语
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。考试结束,将试题卷和答题卡一并交回。 第Ⅰ卷 注意事项: 1.答第Ⅰ卷时,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号框。不能答在试卷上,否则无效。
第一部分 英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
单项填空(共15小题:每小题1分,满分15分)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
例:It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
答案是B。
1.--I'm sorry I made a mistake!
-- Nobody is perfect.
A. Take your time
B. You're right
C.Whatever you say
D. Take it easy
2. Would you like to with us to the film tonight?
A. come along
B. come off
C. come across
D. come through
3. I was glad to meet Jenny again, I didn't want to spend all day with her. A. but
B. and
C.so
D.or
4. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house_ I would be staying.
A. what
B. when
C. where
D. which
5.I got to the office earlier that day, the 7:30 train from Paddington
A.caughl
B. to have caught
C. to catch
D. having caught
6. Since nobody gave him any help, he have done the research on his own.
A. can
B. must
C. would
D. need
7. We very early so we packed the night before.
A. leave
B. had left
C. were leaving
D.have left
8. The watch was very good, and he 20 percent down for it.
A. a good one
B. a better one
C. the best one
D. a best one
10. It was only after he had read the papers Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.
Awhen
B. that
C. which
D. what
11 A serious study of physics is impossible some knowledge of mathematics.
A. against
B. before
C. beyond
D. without
12. Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent properly in this hospital. A. can be the patients
B. can the patients be treated
C. the patients can be treated
D.treated can be the patients
13.Four and half hours of discussion took us up to midnight,and break for cheese,chocolate and tea with sugar.
A.a;a
B. the; the
C.不填;the D.a;不填
14. It's an either-or situation - we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can’t do . A.others B. either C.another D. both 15. -Are you sure you won't come for a drink with us? - ,if you insist A. Not at all B. It depends C. All right then D.I don't care 第二节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分) 阅读下面短文,从短文后面各题锁哥的四个选项(A、 B、C 和 D)中选出可以填入空白处的选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Michael Greenberg is a very popular New Yorker. He is not famous in sports or the arts, But people in the streets 16 him, especially those who are 17 . For those people, he is "Gloves" Greenberg. How did he get that 18 ? He looks like any otner businessman, wearing a suit and carrying a briefcase (公文箱). But he's 19 _. His briefcase always has some gloves。 In winter,Mr.Greenberg does not 20 like other New Yorkers,who look at the sidewalk and 21 the street.He looks around at 22 .He stops when he 23 someone with no gloves.He gives them a pair and then he 24 ,looking for more people with cold 25 . On winter days,Mr.Greenberg 26 gloves.During the rest of the year,he 27 gloves.People who have heard about him 28 him gloves,and he has many in his apartment. Mr. Greenberg 29 doing this 21 years ago. Now, many poor New Yorkers know him and 30 his behavior. But people who don't know him are sometimes 31 him. They don't realize that he just wants to make them 32 . It runs in the 33 .Michael's father always helped the poor as he believed it made everyone happier. Michael Greenberg feels the 34 .A pair of gloves may be a 35 thing,but it can make a big difference in winter. 16.A..know about B. learn from C. cheer for D. look after 17. A. old B. busy C. kind D.poor 18. A. iob B. name C. chance D. message 19.A.calm B.different C.crazy D.curious 20.A.act B.sound C.feel D.dress 21.A.cross over B. drive along C. hurry down D. keep off 22. A. cars B. people C. street numbers D. traffic lights 23.A.helps B .chooses C.greets D.sees 24.A.holds up B.hangs out C.moves on D.turns around 25.A.hands B. ears C.faces D. eyes 26. A. searches for B. stores up C.gives away D. puts on 27. A. borrows B. sells C.returns D. buys 28. A. call B. send C. lend D. show 29. A. delayed B. remembered C. began D. enjoyed 30.A.understand B.dislike C.study D.excuse 31.A.sorry for B.satisfied with C.proud of D.surprised by 32.A.smart B.rich C.special D.happy 33.A.city B.family C.neighborhood D.company 34.A.honor B.pain C.same D.cold 35.A.small B.useful C.delightful Dcomforting 第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分》 第一节(共15小题:每小题2分,满分30分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项《A、 B、 C和D)中。选出选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Doctor are known to be terrible pilots. They don't listen because they already know it all. I was lucky: ] became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated from medical school. I didn't realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. I loved flying. As I flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather. I learned about crew resource management (机组资源管理), or CRM, a new idea to make flying safer. It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions. I first read about CRM in 1980. Not long after that, an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot He was so busy because of the bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down. He was a better pilot - and my boss - so it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness and said, "We need to put the landing gear down now!" That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and I've used it in the operating room ever since. CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesn't overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. So when I'm in the operating room, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes they're not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them , someday someone will keep me from ”landing gear up”. 36.What dose the author say about doctors in general? A. They like flying by themselves. B. They are unwilling to take advice. C. They pretend to be good pilots. D. They are quick learners of CRM. 37.The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when_______. A. he saved the plane by speaking up B. he was in charge of a flying task C. his boss landed the plane too late D. his boss operated on a patient 38.In the last paragraph”landing gear up” probably means ______. A.following flying requirements. B.overreacting to different opinions. C.listening to what fellow doctors say D.making a mistake that may cost lives 39.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A.CRM:A New Way to Make Flying Safe B.Flying Makes Me a Better Doctor C.The Making of a Good Pilot D.A Pilot-Tumed Doctor
B In 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by an Austrian conductor decided to hold an intemational festival of music,dance and theatre in Edinburgh. The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War. At the same time, the “Fringe” appeared as a challenge to the official festival.Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947,in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform,and they did so in a public house disused for years. Soon,groups of studentsfirstly from Edinburgh University, and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge,Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by little-known writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh. Today the “Fringe”,once less recognized, has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre,music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts. And yetas early as 1959,with only 19 theatre groups performing,some said it was getting too big. A paid administrator was first employed only in 1971, and today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself. In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries. More than 1,25 million tickets were sold. 40. Point was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at he beginning? A. To bring Europe together again. B. To honor heroes of World War 11. C. To introduce young theatre groups. D. To attract great artists from Europe. 41. Why did some uninvited theatre groups come to Edinburgh in 1947? A. They owned a public house there. B. They came to take up a challenge. C. They thought they were also famous. D. They wanted to take part in the festival. 42. Who joined the "Fringe" after it appeared? A.they owned a public house there B. University students. C.人rusts from around the world. D. Performers of music and dance. 43. We may learn from the text that Edinburgh Festival. A. has become a non-official event B. has gone beyond an art festival C. gives shows all year round D. keeps growing rapidly
C Given that many people's moods (情绪)are regulated by the chemical action of chocolate, it was probably only a matter of time before somebody made the chocolate shop similar to a drugstore of Chinese medicine. Looking like a setting from the film Charlie&the Chocolate Factory, Singapore's Chocolate Research Facility (CRF) has over 100 varieties of chocolates.its founder is Chris Lee who grew up at his parents' comer store with one handalmost always in the jar of sweets. If the CRF seems to be a smart idea, that's because Lee is not merely a seasoned salesperson but also head of a marketing department that has business relations with big names such as Levi's and Sony. That idea surely results in the imagination at work when it comes to making different flavored(味道)chocolates. The CRF's produce is "green". made within the country and divided into 10 lines, with the Alcohol Series being the most popular. The Exotic Series一with Sichuan pepper, red bean (豆).cheese and other flavors一also does well and is fun to taste. And for chocolate snobs,who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others, the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo, Cuba, Venezuela , and Ghana, among others. 44. What is good about chocolate? A. It serves as a suitable gift. B. It works as an effective medicine. C. It helps improve the state of mind. D. It strengthens business relations. 45. Why is Chris Lee able to develop his idea of the CRF? A. He knows the importance of research. B. He learns form shops of similar types. C. He has the support of many big names D. He has a lot of marketing experience. 46. Which line of the CRF produce sells best? A. The Connoisseur Series. B. The Exotic Series. C. The Alcohol Series. D. The Sichuan Series. 47. The words "chocolate snobs" in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people who A. are particular about chocolate B. know little about cocoa beans C. look down upon others D. like to try new flavors
D Low-Cost Gifts for Mother's Day Gift No. I Offer to be your mother's health friend. Promise to be there for any and all doctor's visits whether a disease or a regular medical check-up. Most mothers always say "no need," another set of eyes and ears is always a good idea at a doctor's visit. The best part ? This one is free. Gift No. 2 Help your mother organize all of her medical records, which include the test results and medical information. Put them all in one place. Be sure to make a list of all of her medicines and what times she takes them. "Having all this information in one place could end up saving your mother's life," Dr. Marie Savard said. Gift No. 3 Enough sleep is connected to general health conditions. "Buy your mother cotton sheets and comfortable pillows to encourage better sleep," Savard said. "We know that good sleep is very important to our health." Gift No. 4 Some gift companies such as Presents for Purpose allow you to pay it forward this Mother's Day by picking gifts in which 10 percent of the price you pay goes to a charity (慈善机构) Gift givers can choose from a wide variety of useful but inexpensive things -many of which are "green" - and then choose a meaningful charity from a list. When your mother gets the gift, she will be told that she has helped the chosen charity. 48. What are you advised to do for your mother at doctor's visits? A. Take notes. B. Be with her. C. Buy medicine. D. Give her gifts. 49. Where can you find a gift idea to improve your mother’s sleep? A. In Gift No. 1. B. In Gift No. 2. C. In Gift No. 3. D. In Gift No. 4. 50. Buying gifts from Presents for Purpose allows mothers to A. enjoy good sleep B. be well-organized C. bet extra support D. give others help
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分) 根据根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能坡入空白处的选项。选项中有两项为多于选项。 Public Speaking Training ·Get a coach 51 ,so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training that's right for you. ·Focus on positives Any training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well. Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you aren't doing well. , so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldn't do. If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it's going to give you lots of dos and don'ts, walk away! Your brain is so full of what you're going to be talking about. 54 . As far as we're concerned, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking. Your audience can be your friends. ·You are a special person not a clone Most importantly, good public speaking training should treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits. 55 . Your training course should help you bring out your personality, not try to turn you into someone you're not. A. You aren't like anybody else B. You already do lots of things well C. Turn your back on too many rules D. Check the rules about dos and don'ts E. Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough F .The one thing you don't want is for them to fall asleep G. So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse 2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英 语 第Ⅱ卷 注意:将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 第三部分 写作(共两页,满分35分) 第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分) 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处,每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加:把缺词处加一个漏符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。 修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词; 2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。 The book I’m reading of talks about afternoon tea in Britain. It is said to have started in the early 1800’s. Have tea in the late agternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o’clock at night. This custom soon becomes another meal of day. Interesting, it had a connection by the British porcelain(瓷器) industry. Tea in China was traditionally drank from cupswithout handles. When tea got popular in Britain, there was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits. This made for the grow in the porcelain industry. 第二节 书面表达(满分25分) 假定你是李华,自制一些中国结(Chinese knot)。给开网店的美国朋友Tom写封信,请他代卖,要点包括: 1.外观(尺寸、颜色、材料) 2.象征意义 3.价格 注意:1.词数100左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.开头语已为你写好。
2011年高考英语全国卷1 - 阅读理解A
When I was a boy growing up in New Jersey in the 1960s we had a milkman delivering milk to our doorstep. His name was Mr. Basil. He wore a white cap and drove a white truck. As a 5-year-old boy I couldn't take my eyes off the coin changer fixed to his belt. He noticed this one day during a delivery and gave me a quarter out of his coin changer.
我生长于上世纪60年代的美国新泽西,当时我们有一个送奶工巴塞尔先生,他戴着一顶白帽子,驾驶着一辆白卡车。作为一个5岁的男孩,我目不转睛地盯着固定在他腰带上零钱袋。有一天他送货的时候注意到了,于是取下一只零钱袋送给我。
Of course he delivered more than milk. There was cheese eggs and so on. If we needed to change our order my mother would pen a note-"Please add a bottle of buttermilk next delivery"-and place it in the box along with the empty bottles. And then the buttermilk would magically appear.
当然他不仅仅送牛奶,还送奶酪、鸡蛋等。如果我们需要修改订单,我的母亲会写下一张纸条“下次送货时增加一瓶脱脂奶”,然后把纸条放在装有空牛奶瓶的盒子里。下次脱脂奶就会魔术般地出现了。
All of this was about more than convenience. There existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen. Mr. Basil even had a key to our house for those times when it was so cold outside that we put the box indoors so that the milk wouldn't freeze. And I remember Mr. Basil from time to time taking a break at our kitchen table having a cup of tea and telling stories about his delivery.
一切都很方便,每一家与他们的送奶工都保持着良好的关系。巴塞尔先生甚至有我们家的钥匙,因为室外太冷我们把牛奶箱放在了室内,这样牛奶就不会冻住。我记得很多次看见巴塞尔先生在我家的厨房桌子旁休息,喝着茶聊着他的送奶经历。
There is sadly no home milk delivery today. Big companies allowed the production of cheaper milk thus making it difficult for milkmen to compete. Besides milk is for sale everywhere and it may just not have been practical to have a delivery service.
现在家庭送奶业很不景气,大公司生产的牛奶更便宜,这使得送奶工很难与之竞争。而且牛奶到处都可以买到,渐渐地就不需要送奶服务了。
Recently an old milk box in the countryside I saw brought back my childhood memories. I took it home and planted it on the back porch. Every so often my son's friends will ask what it is. So I start telling stories of my boyhood and of the milkman who brought us friendship along with his milk.
最近,我在乡下看见了一个旧牛奶箱,勾起了我童年的回忆,我把它带回家把它放在后门廊上。每次我儿子的朋友问起这是什么,我就开始讲述我的童年生活,关于送奶工因为牛奶和我们结下的友谊。
2012年全国二卷语文选择题答案
2012年高考全国二卷语文试题(有真正详解答案)
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。第Ⅰ卷1至4页,第Ⅱ卷5至8页。
考试结束后,将本卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷
注意事项:
1. 答题前,考试在答题卡上务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚,并贴好条形码。请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。
2. 每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号,在试题卷上作答无效。
3. 第Ⅰ卷共10小题,每小题3分,共30分。在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求。
一、(12分,每小题3分)
1.下列词语中加点的字,读音全都正确的一组是B
A. 颀长(qí)悚然(sù) 彰善瘅恶(dàn) 韬光养晦(huì)
b. 人寰(huán) 攫取(jué) 寻瑕伺隙(xì) 啮臂为盟(niè)
C.抵牾(yǔ) 横亘(gèn) 造福桑梓(zǐ) 筋疲力尽(jīn)
D.鞭挞(tà) 骨骼(gé) 辗转反侧(niǎn) 蜚声中外(fēi)
【解析】A项“悚”读作sǒng;C项“牾”读作wǔ;D项“辗”读作zhǎn
2.下列各句中,加点的成语使用恰当的一项是D
A.该产品的试用效果非常好,相信它大量投产后将不孚众望,公司一定会凭借产品的优异品质在激烈的市场竞争中取得骄人业绩。
B.某市两家报社相继推出的立体报纸受到广大市民的热烈追捧,更多的立体报纸呼之欲出,可能会成为当地报业的一种发展趋势。
C.中国古典家具曾经非常受消费者亲睐,后来很长一段时间市场上却没有了踪影,而在全球崇古风气盛行的今天,它又渐入佳境了。
D.这位专家的回答让我有一种醍醐灌顶的感觉,实在没想到这个困扰我两年的问题他却理解得那么轻松。
【解析】A项“不孚众望”,孚,信服。意为不能使大家信服,未符合大家的期望。应改为“不负众望”。B项“呼之欲出”,呼,叫、喊;之,文言代词,指代呼唤的对象;欲,将要;出,出来。意为一召唤他就会出来似的,形容画像非常逼真,也形容文学作品的人物描写十分生动。这里与“立体报纸”这一对象搭配不当。C项“渐入佳境”,原指甘蔗下端比上端甜,从上到下,越吃越甜。后比喻境况逐渐好转或兴趣逐渐浓厚。在句中运用不当。
3、下列各句中,没有语病的一句是A
A、他在英语国家工作一年,不但进一步提高了英语交际能力,还参加过相关机构组织的阿拉伯语培训,掌握了阿拉伯语的基础应用。
B、建立监督机制非常重要,企业对制度的决策、出台、执行到取得成效的每个环节都纳入监督的范围,就能切实有效地增强执行力。
C、她对公益活动很有热情,并将这份热情带个了她所从事的产品策划和品牌推广工作中去,为公司树立良好的社会形象做出了贡献。
D、次贷危机引发的全球性金融危机带来的影响还在持续,随着经济全球化的日益深化,如何缓解就业压力已成为世界各国最大的难题。
4、依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句,衔接最恰当的一组是
、 、 、 、 、 。如在某些汉印中,就有“荼”字省作“茶”字的写法。C
① 民间的书写着出于某种考虑,将“荼”减去一笔,这就成了“茶”字
② 随着饮茶习俗的推广,“茶”字的使用频率越来越高
③ “荼”简写为“茶”,汉代已露端倪
④ 在中庸之前“荼”字写作“茶”,这恐怕不是我们人人都知道的
⑤ 茶作为饮品,我们都很熟悉
⑥ “茶”有多个义项,“茶叶”义是其中之一
A、④⑥⑤②①③ B、⑥②①⑤④③
C、⑤④⑥②①③ D、⑥④⑤②③①
二、(9分,每小题3分)
阅读下面文字,完成5-7题。
“横江西望阻西秦,汉水东连扬子津,白浪如山那可渡,狂风愁杀峭帆人。”这是李白《横江词》的第三首。横江即采石矶对岸的横江浦渡口。王琦《李太白集辑注》引有胡三省《资治通鉴鉴注》,“扬子津在今真州扬子县南,”扬子县位置在江都(扬州)西南,已靠近大江,扬子津更在其南,则是江边的津渡了。李白在诗中所以会由横江浦联想到扬子津,正式这个缘故。扬子津当时必然久已驰名,因为它乃是从江都入江的运河渡头,可是开元之后却为瓜洲所取代,中晚唐人诗中提到瓜洲的很多,而扬子津却很少见。胡三省乃宋元间人。那时候《资治通鉴》就已经需要有人来为扬子津做注了。扬子津作为运河渡口自然早已有之,扬子县的得名因此有可能是出于扬子津,然而它自身却久已沉埋,不为人所知晓了。
扬子津原来是个近江面的较低洼处。可是它与南岸从润州入江的运河渡口并不正好相对,嫌偏西了一些,而江中靠北岸处又有沙洲,这就造成了航行上的不便。《新唐书齐浣传》:“(浣)迁润州,州北距瓜步沙尾,于汇六十里,州多败溺,浣徒漕路由京口,治伊娄渠已达扬子,岁无覆舟减运钱数十万。”也就是说,渡江进入北岸的运河,不再通过扬子津,而是通过新开的伊娄河到达扬子县。李白《提瓜州新河饯族叔舍人贪》诗云:“齐公凿新河,万古流不绝。”指的便是这条河,而瓜洲从此也就取代了扬子津,成为大江北岸运河的著名津渡。白居易有《长相思》词:“汴水流,泗水流,流到瓜洲”
古渡头。”白居易的时代去开元未远,而瓜洲就已经成了古渡头,至于比起瓜洲来更古的扬子津,自然是早已在人们的记忆之中消失了。
瓜洲浦成为便利的津渡是犹豫它正对南岸江边的京口,而京口的漕路是在开元二十五年齐浣迁润州后才兴修的,换句话说,旧漕路原来并不通京口。而要开辟一条通京口的新漕路却是十分艰辛的。宋代《新唐书音训》云:“京口在润州城东北甘露寺侧。”甘露寺正位于北固山,所以迁徙这段漕路,势必要紧贴着北固山下与山根的顽石打交手战,这样的工程自非一日之功。这也就是李白《丁督护歌》中所描绘的“万人凿磐石,无由达江浒”的施工场面。过去有些注家以为“无由达江浒”是犹豫运载石头的缘故。其实水运主要看舟船的吃水量,而不在于运石头还是运粮食,只要不超过吃水量,运什么都一样可行。其所以“无由达江浒”,只是由于山下的顽石还没有被凿通而已。这里李白的三首诗正好可以为瓜洲浦取代扬子津这一变迁作证,而同时《横江词》为李白早年作品,也就又多了一条证据。 (摘编自林庚《闲话扬子津》)
5、下列关于本文第一段内容的表达,不符合原文意思的一项是A
A.李白《横江词》第三首由横江浦联想到扬子津,是因为这两个地方都是长江边上有名的运河渡口。
B.中晚唐人的诗中很少提到扬子津,是因为当时瓜洲已经取代扬子津成为长江边上的运河渡口了。
C.胡三省虽然是宋元间人,但是读背诵司马光的《资治通鉴》已经有困难,需要有人来做注解才行。
D.扬子县谓语江都的西南方,之所以被命名为“扬子”,可能是因为该县的南部有久已驰名的扬子津。
解析:答案A说“李白《横江词》第三首由横江浦联想到扬子津,是因为这两个地方都是长江边上有名的运河渡口。”而原文是如此描绘“‘扬子津在今真州扬子县南,’扬子县位置在江都(扬州)西南,已靠近大江,扬子津更在其南,则是江边的津渡了。李白在诗中所以会由横江浦联想到扬子津,正是这个缘故。”显然李白的联想是由方位连带出来的,而非名气问题,更何况后面还进一步解释了“中晚唐人诗中提到瓜洲的很多,而扬子津却很少见”是因为在当时扬子津已经成为“古董”,又何来同一时期两个都有名之说?
6.下列理解,不符合原文意思的一项是C
A.扬子津是长江边上的低洼处,并且跟南岸的运河渡口又不正好相对,而江中正对扬子津处又有沙洲,造成船舶航行十分不便。
B.齐浣迁官润州之后,把长江南岸的漕路迁徙到京口,又在北岸开凿了伊娄河,这样船舶渡江以后,就不再通过扬子津北上。
C.瓜洲浦地处伊娄河的入江处,由于正对着南岸江边的京口,并且京口已经开凿了新漕路,所以瓜洲浦就成为一个便利的渡口。
D.有注家认为李白诗句“无由达江浒”,是说由于石头过重,无法用船运到江浒。其实用船运石头和粮食是一样的,注家此说不能成立。
解析:看第6题的C答案,“瓜洲浦地处伊娄河的入江处,由于正对着南岸江边的京口,并且京口已经开凿了新漕路,所以瓜洲浦就成为一个便利的渡口。”再看原文“渡江进入北岸的运河,不再通过扬子津,而是通过新开的伊娄河到达扬子县……而瓜洲从此也就取代了扬子津,成为大江北岸运河的著名津渡……白居易的时代去开元未远,而瓜洲就已经成了古渡头……瓜洲浦成为便利的津渡是由于它正对南岸江边的京口,而京口的漕路是在开元二十五年齐浣迁润州后才兴修的,换句话说,旧漕路原来并不通京口。”所以说瓜洲“成名”是因为新开的河道,和这个漕路还没直接联系……
7.根据原文内容,下列推断不正确的一项是D
A.对于南岸从润州入江的运河渡口来说,扬子津嫌偏西了一些,瓜洲浦则正对南岸的京口,所以瓜洲浦在扬子津的东面。
B.齐浣对漕路的改造,使船舶渡江到达北岸运河渡口的行程缩短了,并减少了