“文学”是什么意思?文学作品有哪些分类?
文学是以语言文字为工具，比较形象化地反映客观现实、表现作家心灵世界的艺术，包括诗歌、散文、小说、剧本、寓言、童话等体裁，是文学的重要表现形式，以不同的形式即体裁，表现内心情感，再现一定时期和一定地域的社会生活。作为学科门类理解的文学，包括中国语言文学、外国语言文学及新闻传播学。按载体分为：口头文学、书面文学、网络文学三大类。按地域分为：外国文学、中国文学等。按读者年龄分为：儿童文学、成人文学等。按读者群体及内容分为：严肃文学和通俗文学或大众文学、民间文学、少数民族文学、宗教文学等。按内容分为：史传文学、纪实文学、奇幻文学、报道文学等。按表达体裁分为：小说、散文、诗歌、报告文学、新韵文、戏剧、歌剧、剧本、民间传说、寓言、笔记小说、野史、童话、对联和笑话等；其他如史传、哲理、赋、骈文、小品文、文学批评、有文字剧情架构的电脑游戏与动漫等。扩展资料文学起源于人类的思维活动。最先出现的是口头文学，一般是与音乐联结为可以演唱的抒情诗歌。最早形成书面文学的有中国的《诗经》、印度的《罗摩衍那》和古希腊的《伊利昂纪》等。中国先秦时期将以文字写成的作品都统称为文学，魏晋以后才逐渐将文学作品单独列出。欧洲传统文学理论分类法将文学分为诗、散文、戏剧三大类。现代通常将文学分为诗歌、小说、散文、戏剧四大类别。参考资料来源：百度百科-文学
求20句英文电影的经典台词
一《Shawshank Redemption肖申克的救赎》
1.You know some birds are not meant to be caged, their feathers are just too bright.
你知道，有些鸟儿是注定不会被关在牢笼里的，它们的每一片羽毛都闪耀着自由的光辉。
2.There is something inside ,that they can't get to , that they can't touch. That's yours.
那是一种内在的东西, 他们到达不了,也无法触及的,那是你的。
3.Hope is a good thing and maybe the best of things. And no good thing ever dies.
希望是一个好东西,也许是最好的,好东西是不会消亡的。
二《Forrest Gump 阿甘正传》
1.Life was like a box of chocolates, you never know what you're gonna get.
生命就像一盒巧克力，结果往往出人意料。
2.Stupid is as stupid does.
蠢人做蠢事，也可理解为傻人有傻福。
3.Miracles happen every day.
奇迹每天都在发生。
4.Jenny and I was like peas and carrots.
我和珍妮形影不离。
5.Have you given any thought to your future?
你有没有为将来打算过呢。
6． You just stay away from me please.
求你离开我。
7． If you are ever in trouble, don't try to be brave, just run, just run away.
你若遇上麻烦，不要逞强，你就跑，远远跑开。
8． It made me look like a duck in water.
它让我如鱼得水。
9． Death is just a part of life, something we're all destined to do.
死亡是生命的一部分，是我们注定要做的一件事。
10． I was messed up for a long time.
这些年我一塌糊涂。
11． I don't know if we each have a destiny, or if we're all just floating around accidentally―like on a breeze.
我不懂我们是否有着各自的命运，还是只是到处随风飘荡
三《The Lion King狮子王》
1. Everything you see exists together in a delicate balance.
世界上所有的生命都在微妙的平衡中生存。
2. I laugh in the face of danger.
越危险就越合我心意。
3. I'm only brave when I have to be. Being brave doesn't mean you go looking for trouble.
我只是在必要的时候才会勇敢，勇敢并不代表你要到处闯祸。
4. When the world turns its back on you, you turn your back on the world.
如果这个世界对你不理不睬，你也可以这样对待它。
5. It's like you are back from the dead.
好像你是死而复生似的。
6. You can't change the past.
过去的事是不可以改变的。
7. Yes, the past can hurt. But I think you can either run from it or learn from it. 对，过去是痛楚的，但我认为你要么可以逃避，要么可以向它学习。
8. This is my kingdom. If I don't fight for it, who will?
这是我的国土，我不为她而战斗，谁为呢？
9. Why should I believe you? Everything you ever told me was a lie.
我为何要相信你？你所说的一切都是谎话。
10. I'll make it up to you, I promise.
我会补偿你的，我保证。
四《Gone with The Wind 乱世佳人》
1.Land is the only thing in the world worth working for, worth fighting for, worth dying for. Because it's the only thing that lasts.
土地是世界上唯一值得你去为之工作, 为之战斗, 为之牺牲的东西,因为它是唯一永恒的东西。
2.I wish I could be more like you.
我要像你一样就好了。
3.Whatever comes, I'll love you, just as I do now. Until I die.
无论发生什么事,我都会像现在一样爱你,直到永远
4.I think it's hard winning a war with words.我认为纸上谈兵没什么作用。
5. Sir, you're no gentleman. And you miss are no lady.
先生,你可真不是个君子,小姐,你也不是什么淑女。
6.I never give anything without expecting something in return. I always get paid.
我做任何事不过是为了有所回报,我总要得到报酬。
7.In spite of you and me and the whole silly world going to pieces around us, I love you.
哪怕是世界末日我都会爱着你。
8.I love you more than I've ever loved any woman. And I've waited longer for you than I've waited for any woman.
此句只可意会不可言传。。。。。
9.If I have to lie, steal, cheat or kill, as God as my witness, I'll never be hungry again!
即使让我撒谎,去偷,去骗,去杀人,上帝作证,我再也不要挨饿了。
10.Now I find myself in a world which for me is worse than death. A world in which there is no place for me.
现在我发现自己活在一个比死还要痛苦的世界,一个无我容身之处的世界。
11.You're throwing away happiness with both hands. And reaching out for something that will never make you happy.
你把自己的幸福拱手相让,去追求一些根本不会让你幸福的东西。
12.Home. I'll go home. And I'll think of some way to get him back. After all, tomorrow is another day.
家,我要回家.我要想办法让他回来.不管怎样,明天又是全新的一天。
五《TITANIC泰坦尼克号》
1.Outwardly, I was everything a well-brought up girl should be. Inside, I was screaming.
外表看,我是个教养良好的小姐,骨子里,我很反叛.
2.We're the luckiest sons-of-bitches in the world.
我们是真他妈的走运极了.(地道的美国国骂)
3.There is nothing I couldn't give you, there is nothing I would deny you, if you would not deny me. Open you're heart to me.
如果你不违背我,你要什么我就能给你什么,你要什么都可以.把你 的心交给我吧.
4.What the purpose of university is to find a suitable husband.
读大学的目的是找一个好丈夫.(好像有些片面,但比较真实)
5.Remember, they love money, so just pretend like you own a goldmine and you're in the club.
只要你装得很有钱的样子他们就会跟你套近乎。
6.All life is a game of luck.
生活本来就全靠运气。
7.I love waking up in the morning and not knowing what's going to happen, or who I'm going to meet, where I'm going to wind up.
我喜欢早上起来时一切都是未知的,不知会遇见什么人,会有什么样的结局。
8.I figure life is a gift and I don't intend on wasting it. You never know what hand you're going to get dealt next. You learn to take life as it comes at you. 我觉得生命是一份礼物,我不想浪费它,你不会知道下一手牌会是什么,要学会接受生活。
9.To make each day count.
要让每一天都有所值。
10.We're women. Our choices are never easy.
我们是女人,我们的选择从来就不易。
11.You jump, I jump.
(another touching sentence)
12.Will you give us a chance to live?
能不能给我们留一条生路?
13.God shall wipe away all the tears from their eyes, and there shall be no more death. Neither shall there be sorrow or dying, neither shall there be any more pain, for the former world has passed away.
上帝擦去他们所有的眼泪.死亡不再有,也不再有悲伤和生死离别,不再有痛苦,因往事已矣.
六《Sleepless in Seattle西雅图不眠夜》
1.Work hard! Work will save you. Work is the only thing that will see you through this.
努力工作吧!工作能拯救你.埋头苦干可令你忘记痛楚.
2.You make millions of decisions that mean nothing and then one day your order takes out and it changes your life.
你每天都在做很多看起来毫无意义的决定,但某天你的某个决定就能改变你的一生.
3.Destiny takes a hand.命中注定.
4.You know, you can tell a lot from a person's voice.
从一个人的声音可以知道他是怎样的人.
5.People who truly loved once are far more likely to love again.
真爱过的人很难再恋爱.
6.You know it's easier to get killed by a terrorist than get married over the age of 40.
你知道,女人过了40想出嫁就难了,被恐怖分子杀死都比这容易.
7.You are the most attractive man I ever laid ears.
你是我听过的最帅的男士.
8.Why would you want to be with someone who doesn't love you?
为什么留恋一个不爱你的人?
9.When you're attracted to someone it just means that your subconscious is attracted to their subconscious, subconsciously. So what we think of as fate, is just two neuroses knowing they're a perfect match.
当你被某个人吸引时,那只是意味着你俩在潜意识里相互吸引.因此,所谓命运,就只不过是两个疯子认为他们自己是天造一对,地设一双.
10.Everybody panics before they get married.每个人婚前都会紧张的.
11.Your destiny can be your doom.命运也许会成为厄运.
12.The reason I know this and you don't is because I'm younger and pure. So I'm more in touch with cosmic forces.
之所以我知道而你不知道是因为我年幼纯洁,所以我比较能接触宇宙的力量.
13.I don't want to be someone that you're settling for. I don't want to be someone that anyone settles for.
我不想要你将就,我也不想成为将就的对象.
14.What if something had happened to you? What if I couldn't get to you? What would I have done without you? You're my family. You're all I've got.
要是你出了事怎么办?要是我找不到你怎么办?如果没有你我该怎么办?你是我的家人,你是我的一切.
七《GARFIELD加菲猫》
1. Money is not everything. There's MasterCard.
钞票不是万能的, 有时还需要信用卡。
2. One should love animals. They are so tasty.
每个人都应该热爱动物, 因为它们很好吃。
3. Save water. Shower with your girlfriend.
要节约用水, 尽量和女友一起洗澡。
4. Love the neighbor. But don't get caught.
要用心去爱你的邻居, 不过不要让她的老公知道。
5. Behind every successful man, there is a man. And behind every unsuccessful man, there are two.
每个成功男人的背后, 都有一个女人. 每个不成功男人的背后, 都有两个。
6. Every man should marry. After all, happiness is not the only thing in life. 再快乐的单身汉迟早也会结婚, 幸福不是永久的嘛。
7. The wise never marry, and when they marry they become otherwise.
聪明人都是未婚? 结婚的人很难再聪明起来。
8. Success is a relative term. It brings so many relatives.
成功是一个相关名词, 他会给你带来很多不相关的亲戚 (联系)
9. Love is photogenic. It needs darkness to develop.
爱情就象照片, 需要大量的暗房时间来培养。
10. Children in backseats cause accidents. Accidents in backseats cause children.
后排座位上的小孩会生出意外, 后排座位上的意外会生出小孩。
11. Your future depends on your dreams. So go to sleep.
现在的梦想决定着你的将来, 所以还是再睡一会吧
12. There should be a better way to start a day than waking up every morning.
应该有更好的方式开始新一天, 而不是千篇一律的在每个上午都醒来。
13. Hard work never killed anybody. But why take the risk?
努力工作不会导致死亡! 不过我不会用自己去证明。
14. Work fascinates me. I can look at it for hours!
工作好有意思耶! 尤其是看着别人工作。
15. God made relatives; Thank God we can choose our friends.
神决定了谁是你的亲戚, 幸运的是在选择朋友方面他给了你留了余地
不止20句，你挑挑吧
文学阅读有哪些类型
1、按载体分为：口头文学、书面文学、网络文学三大类。2、按地域分为：外国文学、中国文学等。3、按读者年龄分为：儿童文学、成人文学等。4、按读者群体及内容分为：严肃文学和通俗文学或大众文学、民间文学、少数民族文学、宗教文学等。5、按内容分为：史传文学、纪实文学、奇幻文学、报道文学等。6、按表达体裁分为：小说、散文、诗歌、报告文学、新韵文、戏剧、歌剧、剧本、民间传说、寓言、笔记小说、野史、童话、对联和笑话等；其他如史传、哲理、赋、骈文、小品文、文学批评、有文字剧情架构的电脑游戏(含游戏主机)与动漫等。7、按创作理念分为：浪漫主义文学、现实主义文学等。扩展资料四大文学体裁1、诗传统的诗是有韵律的文学作品。它通过想像与抒情来表达某种强烈的情感。诗是历史最悠久的文学形式。中国是世界上诗歌最发达的国度之一。从中国最早的诗歌总集诗经，最早的长篇抒情诗离骚以来，汉代的乐府，唐宋格律诗，和唐末兴起的词，元曲以及五四以来的新诗，历代的民间歌谣，构成了中国诗歌无以伦比的巨大传统。相比之下西方的叙事诗发达较晚，而结合戏剧，成就很大，例如荷马史诗，但丁神曲，莎士比亚剧本等。2、散文是一种没有严格的韵律和篇幅限制的文学形式。3、戏剧是另一种古老的文学形式，主要通过不同角色之间的对话来表达作者的思想和感情。戏剧可以用于舞台的表演，也可以阅读。4、小说是一种叙事性的文学体裁，通过人物的塑造和情节、环境的描述来概括地表现社会生活。“小说”一词最早记载于《庄子·外物》：“饰小说以干县令，其于大达亦远矣。”中国现代意义上的小说，再传至明清以四大奇书（后《金瓶梅》被《红楼梦》取代，成“四大名著”）为代表的长篇小说和以聊斋志异为代表的短篇小说。参考资料来源：百度百科——文学
陶伟怎么死的?
陶伟死因是猝死。
2012年8月27日上午8:49，陶伟被发现在位于济南二环东路的倪氏海泰大酒店1307号房间死亡。经现场勘查、调查走访，未发现他杀迹象。28日，济南公安通报称，经调查取证，确定陶伟死亡系猝死。
猝死（Sudden death，SD）是人类的最严重的疾病。不同的文献关于猝死的定义不尽相同，作者认为比较科学的是世界卫生组织（WHO）的猝死定义：“平素身体健康或貌似健康的患者，在出乎意料的短时间内，因自然疾病而突然死亡即为猝死。”
陶伟是喝酒死的吗
在济南二环东路与工业南路交界处附近的倪氏海泰大酒店内，1307房间有一名客人突然死亡，原因不详。记者于上午9时来到事发现场，房间内站满民警和酒店工作人员，酒店外停了一些警车和一辆救护车。知情人士透露，死者可能是陶伟。
据酒店服务员介绍，1307的房客名字正是陶伟，而这间房子于27日下午1时左右退房，但是否是本人退房，服务员没有给出正面答复。记者联系警方，也并未得到死者是否就是央视评论员陶伟、死亡原因、死亡时间等消息。
而昨日陶伟去世的消息在央视内部员工中传开，有人说是源于心脏病，但鉴于陶伟平时非常注重身体锻炼，以及网上有传言陶伟死于他杀，究竟哪种说法是真，其央视朋友并未做出定论。
今日凌晨1时，济南公安微博正式公布了陶伟遇害的消息。济南公安今晨1时发布微博称：“目前有关陶伟先生在济南遇害的相关消息，我们正在了解情况，关于此事件的相关情况、进展，我们会在第一时间为大家公布更多信息。请关注此事件的朋友们不要着急。”
